CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN HEALTH CARE IN NEW JERSEY

Why is cultural competence in health care important in New Jersey?

Diverse population

  • 13% African-American
  • 13.3% Latino
  • 5.7% Asian
  • 2% Other Non-white
  • 5.43% Limited English proficiency

CULTURAL COMPETENCE & EQUITY IN HEALTH CARE

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) are covered by the NJ Department of Health & Senior Services

Application of Health Maintenance Organizations must include a description of the methods it will use to facilitate access to services for culturally and linguistically diverse members

Cultural Competence

Health insurance applications may NOT include questions regarding race, creed, color, national origin, ancestry

NJ Statutes prohibit the use of any form of policy of health insurance that expresses, directly or indirectly, any limitation or discrimination as to race, creed, color, national origin or ancestry

NJ requires data collection & reporting by HMOs on extent of coverage by protected categories to ensure equitable access to health coverage

Cultural Competence & Equity

NJ Department of Health & Senior Services has a Healthcare Data Committee that assists in the development of quality improvement programs and monitors quality of care provided to HMO members

Performance & outcome measures include population-based indicators of quality, access, & satisfaction

Elements of performance measures required to be submitted by NJ HMOs include:

  • Member satisfaction surveys
  • Encounter data
  • Data gathered by NJ DHSS from statutorily-mandated collections such as cancer registry, vital records, and hospital records

NJ DHSS regulations make the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination in "public accommodations" applicable to all HMOs

NJ Department of Human Services administers NJ Care, NJ Family Care, & NJ Family Care-Children’s Program

NJ collects racial data on its application for NJ Family Care (Black, Hispanic, White, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, Other)

DHS HMO contracts require:

Each HMO to participate in DHS’ Cultural & Linguistic Competency Task Force

Take any & all steps necessary to provide culturally appropriate services

Review correlations between culture, language & health care outcomes

DHS HMO contracts require:

Provide 24 hour access to interpreter services

Provide other language-based services, including translated written materials, to enrollees if they exceed 5% of overall Medicaid enrolled population or 200 enrollees, whichever is greater

DHS HMO contracts require:

HMOs to assess the linguistic & cultural needs of enrollees who speak a primary language other than English

Submit the assessment to DHS, along with a plan designed by the HMO to deliver linguistically appropriate health services

The contract defines cultural competence as a set of interpersonal skills that allow individuals to increase their understanding, appreciation, acceptance of & respect for cultural differences & similarities within, among & between groups, & the sensitivity to how these differences influence relationships with enrollees.

This requires a willingness & ability to draw on community-based values, traditions & customs, to devise strategies to better meet culturally diverse enrollee needs, & to work with knowledgeable persons of & from the community in developing focused interventions, communications & other supports.

HMOs must:

Accept any individual for enrollment without regard to race, ethnicity, color, national origin, or ancestry

Provide equal access, ie., equal opportunity and consideration for needed services without exclusionary practices of providers or system design because of race, etc.

The HMO must forward to DHS within 3 business days of receipt copies of any grievances alleging discrimination

HMOs must also require their providers & subcontractors to follow these rules

Hospitals must provide all patients the right to treatment without discrimination

Nursing home residents must be treated without discrimination

DHSS collects racial & ethnic data for specific conditions & diseases:

  • HIV infection & AIDS
  • Encounter data for regional cardiac surgery centers
  • Performance reports on organ transplantation
  • Home health agencies medical/health records
  • Communicable diseases reporting by hospitals (TB, tetanus, hepatitis C, etc.)
  • Births & deaths

NJ is one of the few states that has an express prohibition against collecting race or ethnic data on health insurance application forms

NJ is one of the few states that expressly prohibits the use of ANY policy of health that indirectly or directly limits coverage based on discriminatory categories

NJ requires HMOs participating in Medicaid managed care to examine the correlation between culture, language & health outcomes

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